Washington 5 Cent Stamp Value: A Deep Dive Into The Hidden Details

The humble 5-cent Washington stamp, issued in a multitude of varieties between 1908 and 1922, might seem like a common piece of postal history. However, beneath its seemingly ubiquitous presence lies a fascinating world of subtle variations, printing errors, and unique characteristics that can dramatically impact its value. This article delves into the intricate details that collectors and enthusiasts use to assess the worth of these stamps, exploring the paper types, perforations, watermarks, and other key features that separate the mundane from the potentially valuable.

Table of Contents

  • [Understanding the Basics: Series and Varieties](#basics)

  • [Paper Matters: Unraveling the Mystery of Paper Types](#paper)

  • [Perforation Peculiarities: Identifying Gauge and Errors](#perforation)

  • [Watermark Wonders: A Key to Differentiation](#watermark)

  • [Beyond the Basics: Condition, Cancellation, and Rarities](#beyond)

    • Understanding the Basics: Series and Varieties

    The 5-cent Washington stamp, part of the Second Bureau Issue (1902-1922) and later the Third Bureau Issue, features a portrait of George Washington, a design that dominated American postage for decades. While the basic design remained consistent, the stamp underwent several significant changes, leading to a wide array of collectible varieties. These variations stemmed from shifts in printing methods, paper composition, perforation techniques, and the presence or absence of watermarks.

    Understanding the Scott Catalogue numbers is crucial for identifying specific varieties. The Scott Catalogue is the standard reference guide for stamp collectors, assigning a unique number to each distinct stamp based on its design, perforation, watermark, and other characteristics. For example, the most common 5-cent Washington stamp from this era is Scott #302, issued between 1908 and 1909. However, seemingly minor differences, like the type of paper used, could result in a different Scott number and a drastically different value.

    "The devil is in the details," as the saying goes, and this is particularly true when it comes to stamp collecting. Collectors must carefully examine each stamp to determine its precise characteristics and identify its correct Scott number. This process often involves using specialized tools, such as magnifying glasses, perforation gauges, and watermark detectors.

    One of the initial differentiators is the series to which the stamp belongs. The Second Bureau Issue followed the Pan-American series and introduced a standardized format for U.S. postage. Later printings, part of the Third Bureau Issue, reflected changes in printing technology and paper availability, influenced by factors like World War I. Knowing the historical context surrounding the stamp's issuance helps collectors understand why certain variations occurred.

    Paper Matters: Unraveling the Mystery of Paper Types

    The type of paper used to print the 5-cent Washington stamp is a significant factor in determining its value. Several paper types were used during the stamp's production, each with its own unique characteristics. These include:

  • Ordinary Paper: This is the most common type of paper used for these stamps. It is relatively plain and lacks any distinguishing features.

  • Bluish Paper: Due to wartime shortages and experiments, some stamps were printed on paper with a bluish tint. This "bluish paper" is highly sought after by collectors and can significantly increase the stamp's value. The bluish tint is caused by the addition of ultramarine dye to the paper pulp.

  • Experimental Paper: The Bureau of Engraving and Printing experimented with various paper compositions throughout the printing period. These experimental papers are often difficult to identify and require expert analysis.

    • Distinguishing between these paper types can be challenging, as the differences are often subtle. Collectors often use ultraviolet (UV) light to examine the paper, as different paper types will react differently under UV light. For example, bluish paper tends to glow differently than ordinary paper under UV light.

    The presence of bluish paper can transform a common 5-cent Washington stamp into a valuable rarity. Stamps printed on bluish paper, such as Scott #314a, can fetch hundreds or even thousands of dollars, depending on their condition. Therefore, careful examination of the paper is crucial for accurately assessing the stamp's value.

    Perforation Peculiarities: Identifying Gauge and Errors

    Perforations are the small holes punched around the edges of stamps to facilitate their separation from the sheet. The gauge of the perforations, or the number of holes per two centimeters, is another key characteristic that can affect a stamp's value. The most common perforation gauge for the 5-cent Washington stamp is 12, meaning there are 12 holes per two centimeters. However, variations in perforation gauge can occur, leading to different Scott numbers and potentially higher values.

    Perforation errors, such as imperforate stamps (stamps without perforations) or stamps with misplaced or missing perforations, are also highly prized by collectors. These errors are relatively rare and can significantly increase the stamp's value. For example, a 5-cent Washington stamp that is imperforate, meaning it lacks perforations altogether, would be a significant rarity.

    Measuring perforation gauge accurately is essential for identifying different varieties. Collectors use a perforation gauge, a specialized tool with a series of lines spaced at different intervals, to determine the number of holes per two centimeters. By aligning the stamp's perforations with the lines on the gauge, collectors can quickly and accurately determine the perforation gauge.

    "Perforation varieties and errors are a key area of focus for serious collectors," notes renowned philatelist, David Feldman. "A seemingly minor difference in perforation can be the difference between a common stamp and a significant rarity."

    Watermark Wonders: A Key to Differentiation

    A watermark is a design or pattern embedded in the paper during its manufacturing process. Watermarks are created by impressing a dandy roll, a wire cylinder, onto the wet paper pulp as it is being formed. The resulting watermark is visible when the paper is held up to the light or when a watermark detector is used.

    The presence or absence of a watermark, as well as the type of watermark, can be a crucial factor in identifying different varieties of the 5-cent Washington stamp. The most common watermark found on these stamps is the double-line watermark, which consists of the letters "USPS" arranged in a double line. However, some stamps were printed on unwatermarked paper, and these stamps are often more valuable.

    Identifying watermarks can be challenging, as they are often faint and difficult to see. Collectors typically use a watermark detector, which uses a special fluid to make the watermark more visible. The fluid temporarily saturates the paper, making the watermark stand out.

    The absence of a watermark can significantly increase a stamp's value. For example, a 5-cent Washington stamp that is unwatermarked, such as Scott #343, is a significant rarity and can fetch a premium price. Therefore, carefully checking for the presence or absence of a watermark is an essential step in assessing the stamp's value.

    Beyond the Basics: Condition, Cancellation, and Rarities

    While paper type, perforations, and watermarks are crucial factors in determining the value of a 5-cent Washington stamp, other factors can also play a significant role. These include:

  • Condition: The condition of the stamp is paramount. Stamps in pristine condition, with crisp perforations, vibrant colors, and no tears or creases, are generally more valuable than stamps in poor condition.

  • Cancellation: The type of cancellation (the postmark applied to the stamp) can also affect its value. Unusual or rare cancellations, such as those from small towns or those with interesting slogans, can increase the stamp's value.

  • Rarities: Some 5-cent Washington stamps are considered rarities due to their unique characteristics or limited availability. These rarities can fetch very high prices at auction.

The condition of a stamp is graded using a standardized scale, ranging from "Poor" to "Superb." Stamps graded as "Superb" are in exceptional condition and command the highest prices. Collectors should carefully examine the stamp for any signs of damage or wear, such as tears, creases, fading, or staining.

The type of cancellation can also be of interest to collectors. Some collectors specialize in collecting stamps with specific types of cancellations, such as those from a particular state or those with a specific slogan. Unusual or rare cancellations can significantly increase the stamp's value.

Ultimately, the value of a 5-cent Washington stamp is determined by a combination of factors, including its paper type, perforations, watermark, condition, cancellation, and rarity. By carefully examining each of these factors, collectors can accurately assess the stamp's value and make informed decisions about buying and selling.

In conclusion, the seemingly simple 5-cent Washington stamp hides a complex world of variations and rarities. Understanding the nuances of paper types, perforations, watermarks, condition, and cancellations is essential for accurately assessing the value of these stamps. While many examples are common, diligent examination can uncover hidden gems that can significantly enhance a collection. The allure of these stamps lies not just in their historical significance but also in the thrill of the hunt, the satisfaction of identifying a rare variety, and the appreciation of the intricate details that make each stamp unique.