Signs Of Dead Calf In Cow — What You Didn’t Know Until Now

Dealing with livestock is rarely easy, and the potential for losing a calf in utero is a constant worry for cattle farmers. Recognizing the signs of a dead calf inside a cow, or fetal death, is crucial for prompt intervention, which can save the cow's life and preserve future fertility. This listicle unveils less commonly known signs that might indicate a problem, allowing you to act quickly and decisively.

1. Cessation of Fetal Movement (After Expected Quickening)

Why you need to know: Most farmers know to look for fetal movement. However, sometimes, the movement stops and farmers might not notice. After quickening (the point where you can reliably feel fetal movement, typically around 7-8 months), a sudden and complete absence of movement is a red flag. While occasional quiet periods are normal, a sustained lack of activity warrants a thorough examination by a veterinarian.

2. Foul-Smelling Vaginal Discharge (Beyond Normal Mucus)

Why you need to know: A small amount of clear mucus discharge is normal, especially closer to the expected calving date. However, a foul-smelling, discolored (brownish or reddish) discharge is a strong indicator of infection and decomposition inside the uterus. This sign requires immediate veterinary attention to prevent septicemia in the cow.

3. Bloating or Distension (Unrelated to Rumen Function)

Why you need to know: While rumen bloat is common, unusual distension in the abdomen, particularly if localized on one side or accompanied by other symptoms, might indicate a problem. This could be due to gas buildup from decomposition or fluid accumulation associated with infection and fetal death.

4. Loss of Appetite and Depression (Sudden and Significant)

Why you need to know: Cows typically maintain a healthy appetite throughout most of their pregnancy. A sudden and significant decrease in appetite, coupled with lethargy and a generally depressed demeanor, can signal underlying illness. This could be a sign of infection stemming from a dead calf inside the uterus.

5. Prolonged Gestation (Significantly Beyond the Due Date)

Why you need to know: While variations in gestation length are normal, exceeding the expected due date by more than a week, especially with no signs of labor, can be problematic. A dead calf may not trigger the normal hormonal cascade that initiates labor, leading to a prolonged gestation period.

6. Failure of Udder Development (Late in Gestation)

Why you need to know: In the final weeks of pregnancy, the udder typically undergoes significant development in preparation for lactation. A lack of udder development, or a sudden regression after development has started, can indicate a hormonal disruption potentially caused by fetal death.

7. Changes in Tailhead Ligaments (Loss of Tone)

Why you need to know: As calving approaches, the ligaments around the tailhead typically relax and become more pliable. However, if these ligaments were previously relaxed and then suddenly tighten again, it could indicate a cessation of the calving process due to fetal death.

8. Abnormal Vulvar Discharge (Presence of Tissue Fragments)

Why you need to know: Aside from foul-smelling discharge, the presence of tissue fragments or blood clots in the vaginal discharge is a clear sign of fetal compromise. This indicates decomposition and potential uterine damage, requiring immediate veterinary intervention.

9. Elevated Rectal Temperature (Indicating Infection)

Why you need to know: While taking a rectal temperature can be challenging, an elevated temperature (above the normal range for cows, typically 100.5-102.5°F) is a strong indicator of infection. This, in conjunction with other symptoms, can point towards a dead calf causing systemic infection in the cow.

10. Failure to Respond to Expected Calving Inducers (If Used)

Why you need to know: If you've used calving inducers and the cow fails to respond as expected, it could indicate that the calf is no longer viable. The hormones released by the fetus play a role in the effectiveness of these inducers, and their absence can lead to treatment failure. This warrants immediate veterinary consultation to determine the cause and appropriate course of action.

11. Sunken Eyes and Dehydration (Late Stage Sign)

Why you need to know: Sunken eyes and signs of dehydration are often indicative of a more advanced stage of illness. If you observe these symptoms in conjunction with other signs mentioned above, the situation is likely critical and requires immediate veterinary intervention. Dehydration can quickly lead to further complications and jeopardize the cow’s life.

Important Note: This list is intended to provide helpful information, but it is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you suspect your cow is carrying a dead calf, contact your veterinarian immediately. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for saving the cow's life and preserving her future fertility. They can perform a thorough examination, including ultrasound or manual palpation, to confirm the diagnosis and recommend the appropriate treatment plan, which may involve inducing labor or performing a cesarean section.